The 8^th International Conference for Armed Forces (ICAOF) reflected on the challenges arising from the expanding scope of international missions in recent years. Deployments by the UN, AU, EU, and NATO had placed personnel in diverse and often difficult environments, underscoring the need to protect the rights of both armed forces personnel and affected civilians. Ombuds institutions were called upon to respond swiftly to complaints, assist personnel in navigating unique challenges, and coordinate across multinational frameworks.

The rise in veterans also highlighted the importance of continued support after service. However, many ombuds institutions had limited experience with issues specific to international missions. The conference addressed these gaps and discussed how ombuds institutions could strengthen their roles in rights protection and the prevention of maladministration.