The third International Conference of Ombuds Institutions for the Armed Forces (ICOAF) focused on enhancing the protection of armed forces personnel's rights through improved oversight mechanisms. It addressed key challenges such as the relationship between external oversight bodies, like ombuds institutions and parliamentary committees, and internal military complaints processes.

Discussions also explored the role of military unions in safeguarding the fundamental rights of personnel, particularly their right to assembly, while balancing the unique demands of military service. Additionally, the conference delved into the difficulties faced by ombuds institutions when personnel are deployed on multinational missions, examining strategies for ensuring effective protection of rights in these complex environments.