The 14^th International Conference of Ombudsman Institutions for the Armed Forces (ICOAF) conference explored the role of ombuds institutions before and during armed conflict, emphasizing the duty to obey and disobey illegal orders. It addressed the three missions of armed forces—defending the state, peacekeeping, and assisting civilian authorities—through the lens of ombuds institutions.

Topics included the experiences of female armed forces personnel in peacekeeping and the role of armed forces in supporting law enforcement, particularly in light of COVID-19. Additionally, the conference focused on the implications of deployments on soldiers' health and the various legislations related to compensation for deployment-related injuries.